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Threads are lighter than processes because the TLB and caches stay usable after the switch, not because the switch itself is cheaper. The TLB has no MESI: when any thread in a process changes the page tables, every core still …
Who runs first and for how long: scheduling classes and time slices, three traps of real-time priorities, two fixes for priority inversion, why HFT often skips PREEMPT_RT, and which knobs a low-latency box turns from BIOS to …
stat for the totals, record and report to find the function holding 98% of the samples, annotate to see every sample land on the instruction after an add: a chain of adds, each waiting for the last, and splitting it four ways is …
The enemy of a low-latency system is jitter, not the mean. The goal is to make your hot thread the only thing that will ever run on its core: pinning kills migration cost, the isolation stack evicts the tick / RCU / interrupts one …
